Innovative Journal of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Electrical System

Design of a Battery Pack for a Solar Power System at the Farmers' Group Hut in Guo Village, Padang City

Alvendri — 2025-12-31

The utilization of lithium-ion batteries to store electrical energy generated from sunlight presents an effective solution due to its efficiency and reliability in supplying power from a Solar Power System (PLTS) to a farmers' group hut in Guo village, Padang. Lithium-ion batteries were selected as the storage medium because of their efficiency, longer lifespan, and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, these batteries require a meticulous protection management system to prevent damage from overcharging or over-discharging and to ensure that the voltage of each cell is balanced during the charging process. This research was conducted by designing and testing a lithium-ion battery pack composed of 48 INR 18650 cells. The system is integrated with a 3S 40A Battery Management System (BMS) to regulate the charging and discharging processes, along with an active balancer to equalize the battery cell voltages. Based on calculations, the required battery capacity was 96.42 Ah, which led to the assembly of a battery pack with a total capacity of 102.4 Ah. The results of the protection system testing indicate that the protection management system functions correctly. The BMS successfully cut off the charging current when the voltage reached 12.5V and stopped power delivery to the load when the voltage dropped to 7.9V, effectively preventing overcharge and over-discharge. Furthermore, the active balancer successfully equalized the voltage of each parallel cell group to 4.0V, ensuring optimal and uniform charging. This protection management system is expected to maintain the battery's health and extend its operational lifespan.

Analysis of Arresters in The 20Kv Distribution Network at PT.PLN (Persero) ULP Bukittinggi

Eathia Sehra Imelda — 2025-12-31

On medium voltage overhead lines (SUTM), short circuit faults often occur due to lightning strikes and overload faults.A safety or protective device is a device that functions to protect or secure an electric power distribution system by limiting the overvoltage or overcurrent flowing in the system, and channeling it to the ground. There are 2 methods of placing Lightning Arrester (LA) and Fuse Cut Out (FCO) as protection in distribution substations, namely placing Lightning Arrester (LA) before Fuse Cut Out (FCO) and placing Lightning Arrester after Fuse Cut Out (FCO).Knowing the differences in the construction of installing Lightning Arrester and Fuse Cut Out, and making a comparison with the application of ETAP simulation to get a conclusion about which construction is suitable for use. For distribution substation Portal Lightning Arrester After Fuse Cut Outfor the PLN voltage value will continue to flow, the output will be clean up to the last bus even if there is a disturbance in the increase in voltage such as a lightning strike, then the lightning strike will go directly to the ground or groaning so the disturbance will be directly held by the Grounding. For One Line Diagram of Lightning Arrester Portal Distribution Substation After Fuse Cut Outfor the PLN voltage value will continue to flow, the output will be clean up to the last bus even if there is a disturbance in the increase in voltage such as a lightning strike, then the lightning strike will go directly to the ground or groaning so the disturbance will be directly held by the Grounding.Characteristics of Lightning Arrester rated voltage 24 kV, discharge current, 87 kV, the protective factor contained in the distribution channel is 20% greater than the TID, so this LA has provided a good protective factor.

Design and Construction of an Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Water Level Monitoring System Using ESP32 for Early Flood Prevention

Tamsir Riski Rahman — 2025-12-31

This research focuses on the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based water level monitoring system as an innovative solution for early flood disaster prevention. The core of this system lies in the ESP32 microcontroller which functions as the main processing unit, and the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor which is responsible for measuring the distance of the water surface in real-time by utilizing the principle of sound wave reflection. The ESP32 then sends the water level data obtained by the sensor via an internet connection to a web-based monitoring platform. This platform allows users to continuously access and monitor water level information from anywhere, at any time. Based on a series of tests, the developed system proved reliable, with a high level of measurement accuracy and a data transmission success rate of 92%, demonstrating stable communication performance. The findings of this study confirm that integrating IoT technology into a flood early warning system is an effective, efficient, and relatively low-cost solution. This system can significantly increase public and regulatory awareness and preparedness by providing critical real-time data, enabling faster and more targeted mitigation and evacuation measures to reduce the impact of flood damage.

Fuzzy Logic and IoT for Aeroponic Temperature and Humidity Control

Kenny Ibrahim — 2025-12-31

Aeroponic cultivation is a modern farming technique in which plant roots are suspended in the air and sprayed with a nutrient solution, proper control of temperature and humidity is essential to ensure optimal growth of aeroponic plants. This research aims to design and implement an air temperature and humidity control system in an aeroponic cultivation chamber This system utilizes a ESP8266 microcontroller integrated with a DHT22 sensor to detect air temperature and humidity in real-time. The data obtained from the sensors is used to control the output devices, i.e. pumps and fans, which are operated through the L298N Motor Driver. The results of the study showed that the developed system was able to maintain optimal temperature and humidity for lettuce growth with an accuracy rate of temperature readings of 98.35% and humidity of 98.45%. The system can work automatically based on Fuzzy Logic's algorithm, but it can also be monitored in real-time through the Blynk app connected to the internet network. Overall, the implementation of this system shows a significant improvement in the growth and development of lettuce plants compared to manual methods, making it an efficient and effective solution for modern aeroponic cultivation.

Position and Orientation Estimation of Omniwheel Robot Using IMU

Muhammad Naufal Yaafi — 2025-12-31

This research successfully designed and implemented a position and direction estimation system (odometry) on a four-wheeled omnidirectional robot by integrating a rotary encoder sensor and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The goal is to create autonomous robots capable of moving holonomically (in any direction without changing body orientation) with high accuracy for the ABU Robocon 2024 competition. The research method uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach by building a prototype of a robot controlled by the Arduino Mega 2560. The navigation control and trajectory tracking system is designed with a gyrodometry algorithm that fuses position data from two rotary encoders (X and Y axes) and orientation data from MPU6050 IMU sensors. The test results showed that the robot was able to follow a rectangular pattern trajectory (1000 mm x 500 mm) with a maximum position error of 50 mm on the X axis and 70 mm on the Y axis. The discussion of results identified that the integration of encoder and IMU data through complementary filters successfully improved the system's resistance to gyroscope drift and wheel slippage. It was concluded that this prototype of an omnidirectional robot with a fusion sensor-based odometry system has met the criteria of sufficient stability and accuracy for robotics competition applications.