Innovative Journal of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Electrical Systems

Monitoring of the Elderly with Dementia Based on Indoor Positioning System (IPS) Using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)

Annisa Sri Rahmi — 2026-06-30

Dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes a decline in cognitive function in the elderly, increasing the risk of disorientation and loss in the indoor environment. This study aims to design and implement a monitoring system for the position and condition of elderly people with dementia based on Indoor Positioning System (IPS) using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology. The system was developed using five ESP32 modules consisting of three reference point devices, one mobile device worn by the elderly, and one server device as a data processor. The mobile device is equipped with a MPU6050 sensor to detect fall conditions. BLE signal strength data in the form of RSSI is sent through the MQTT protocol to the server, then filtered using the Kalman Filter to reduce noise. Furthermore, the trilateration method is applied to determine the position of the elderly in the form of two-dimensional coordinates. The test results showed that the system was able to display the position of the elderly and the status of the body condition in real time through the localhost web interface and the I2C LCD. The application of Kalman Filter has been proven to increase the stability of RSSI data so that the position estimation results become more consistent in a limited indoor environment. This system is considered effective as a solution for monitoring the elderly with low power consumption and relatively simple implementation. The implications of this research open up opportunities for further development, such as improving accuracy with the addition of reference points, integrating internet-based remote notifications, and implementing systems in more complex environments such as nursing homes or elderly care facilities.

Performance Analysis of Peltier-Based Portable Refrigerator Using TEC1-12706 Module

Muhammad Fahreza — 2026-06-30

Conventional refrigeration systems primarily rely on refrigerants that may contribute to environmental degradation through ozone depletion and global warming when leakage occurs. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for environmentally friendly cooling technologies that eliminate the use of harmful refrigerants. One promising alternative is the thermoelectric cooler (TEC), which operates based on the Peltier effect to generate a temperature difference between its hot and cold sides when supplied with direct current. This study presents the design, fabrication, and experimental performance evaluation of a portable refrigerator employing two TEC1-12706 thermoelectric modules integrated with heatsinks and DC fans to enhance heat dissipation. The proposed system was evaluated by monitoring the temperature variation of the cooling chamber under continuous operation. Experimental results demonstrate that the refrigerator operates using a 12 V DC power supply with a final operating current of 3.75 A. The dual-module configuration successfully reduced the cooling chamber temperature to 21.5°C after 40 minutes of operation, demonstrating its capability to provide effective cooling. These findings indicate that the proposed thermoelectric refrigerator offers a practical and energy-efficient cooling solution with relatively low power consumption while eliminating the need for conventional refrigerants. Therefore, the developed system has considerable potential for portable refrigeration applications requiring environmentally friendly and sustainable cooling technology

Design of a Stand Alone Solar PV System Using PVGIS and PVsyst Simulation for AB Building of Politeknik Negeri Padang

Fauziah Rabbani — 2026-06-30

The increasing demand for electrical energy on campus has encouraged the use of renewable energy as a sustainable solution. This study aims to design a solar power generation system for the AB Building at Padang State Polytechnic, utilizing the building's roof area as the location for installing solar panels. The system is designed to consist of 90 solar module units configured into 10 strings, combined with a hybrid inverter and a battery-based energy storage system to supply approximately 50% of the total daily load on the third floor of the AB building. Irradiation data was obtained from the Global Solar Atlas website, while system performance simulations were conducted using PVsyst. Simulation results indicate that the SPP generates an annual energy output of 28.1 MWh with a Performance Ratio (PR) of 76% and a Specific Yield of 558.45 kWh/kWp/year. This system can serve as an efficient alternative in supporting the transition to clean energy within the campus environment. The economic simulation shows that the required investment capital is IDR 948,200,000, with operational and maintenance costs amounting to IDR 18,000,000. The economic analysis includes annual electricity savings, net cash flow, net present value, benefit-cost ratio, and cost of energy, and concludes that the solar power system is not yet economically efficient. And to improve economic feasibility, subsequent research could add analysis of carbon emission reductions, renewable energy incentives, subsidy schemes, and the implementation of net metering.

Keywords—Solar Panel, PVsyst, Performance Ratio, Simulation, Energy Efficiency

ESP32 and MIT App Inventor-Based VRLA Battery Telemetry Monitoring System for Preventive Maintenance

Hafizuddin Umar Siregar — 2026-06-30

Manual monitoring of Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) batteries in industrial electrical systems is considered inefficient and risks delayed fault detection. This study aims to design an Internet of Things (IoT)-based telemetry monitoring system to automate the process. The system comprises a PZEM-016 sensor for reading battery voltage, an ESP32 microcontroller as the data processor, Firebase as the cloud database, and an Android application built with MIT App Inventor as the user interface. Voltage data is sent in real-time from the sensor to the ESP32 via Modbus RTU communication through an RS485 to TTL converter, then forwarded to Firebase via Wi-Fi, and finally displayed on the application. Test results show a sensor reading accuracy of 99.60% with an average error of only 0.40%. The system successfully transformed the monitoring method from a manual inspection taking approximately 10 minutes per unit to real-time automatic monitoring. Therefore, the designed system is proven effective for remote monitoring, supports preventive maintenance strategies, and enhances the operational reliability of VRLA batteries in industrial environments.

Design of a Chayote Jelly Candy Stirring System Based on Color Sensors and Artificial Neural Networks

Rayhan Hamid Rayhan Hamid — 2026-06-30

The utilization of chayote (Sechium edule) as a raw material for jelly candy production has potential to increase agricultural value. However, the production process still faces challenges during the stirring stage and in determining the dough maturity level, which are commonly performed manually. This manual approach is subjective, inconsistent, and reduces process efficiency and product quality. This study aims to design and implement an intelligent control based chayote jelly candy stirring device using an artificial neural network to determine the dough maturity level automatically. The system was developed using a TCS3200 color sensor to detect changes in dough color in RGB components, a MAX6675 thermocouple sensor to monitor cooking temperature, and an Arduino Uno microcontroller as the main for data processing and actuator control. The RGB color data were processed using a backpropagation artificial neural network method to classify the dough condition. Network training was conducted using 170 training datasets with 10,000 epochs. Experimental results show that the system can identify the dough maturity level with 95.25% accuracy. The mature dough condition was detected at average color values of R = 154.2, G = 167, and B = 86.5 within a cooking temperature range of 70-80 °C. The system also displays information on temperature, color values, and dough maturity status, while automatically controlling the stirring motor. Therefore, the developed device improves consistency, efficiency, and reliability in chayote jelly candy manufacturing.