Design and Construction of an Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Water Level Monitoring System Using ESP32 for Early Flood Prevention

Abstract

This research focuses on the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based water level monitoring system as an innovative solution for early flood disaster prevention. The core of this system lies in the ESP32 microcontroller which functions as the main processing unit, and the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor which is responsible for measuring the distance of the water surface in real-time by utilizing the principle of sound wave reflection. The ESP32 then sends the water level data obtained by the sensor via an internet connection to a web-based monitoring platform. This platform allows users to continuously access and monitor water level information from anywhere, at any time. Based on a series of tests, the developed system proved reliable, with a high level of measurement accuracy and a data transmission success rate of 92%, demonstrating stable communication performance. The findings of this study confirm that integrating IoT technology into a flood early warning system is an effective, efficient, and relatively low-cost solution. This system can significantly increase public and regulatory awareness and preparedness by providing critical real-time data, enabling faster and more targeted mitigation and evacuation measures to reduce the impact of flood damage.